c (preceded by numeral of value with Japanese characters): Ryukyu Islands.

C (overprint): Paraguay [Compana].

C. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Customs].

CABO (overprint): Nicaragua- Cabo Gracias a Dios, used to prevent currency manipulation (1904-9).

CABO JUBI (overprint on stamps of Rio de Oro): Cape Juby (1916).

CABO JUBY (overprint on stamps of Spain): Cape Juby (1919-33).

CABO JUBY (overprint on stamps of Spanish Morocco): Cape Juby (1934-48).

CABO VERDE: Cape Verde.

CACHES (overprint on France and French Colonies postage dues): French India, postage dues.

CADIZ VIVA ESPANOL (overprint): Spain- revolutionary Cadiz issues.

C.CH. (overprint on stamps of French Colonies): Cochin China.

C. D. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Convict Department].

C. DE PESO (currency): Philippines.

CADIZ (overprint on stamps of Spain): Cadiz (revolutionary period- 1936).

CAISSE d’AMORTISSEMENT: France, semipostals.

CALCHI (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands- Calchi (1930).

CALIMNO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands- Calimno.

CAMBODGE: Cambodia.

CAMEROONS U.K.T.T. (overprint on stamps of Nigeria): Cameroons (1960-1) [United Kingdom Trust Territory].

CAMEROUN (overprint on stamps of French Congo): Cameroun (1915-25).

CAMEROUN (overprint on stamps of Gabon): Cameroun (1915-25).

CAMEROUN (overprint on stamps of Middle Congo): Cameroun (1915-25).

CAMPACHE: Mexico- Campache (1876).

CAMPANA CONTRA EL PALADISMO: Mexico, anti-malaria campaign.

CAMPIONARIA OE TRIPOLI: Tripolitania, Libya.

CAMPIONE D’ITALIA: Italy- Campione d’Italia (1944).

CANADRIN (currency): China (pre-1897).

CANAL ZONE (overprint on stamps of Panama): Canal Zone.

CANAL ZONE (overprint on stamps of U.S.): Canal Zone.

CANARIAS (overprint): Spain- Canary Islands (1936-7).

CANARO (overprint): Fiume- Italian occupation of Arbe and Veglia.

CANCELLED V-R-I (overprint): Transvaal- second British occupation- Wolmaranstad (1900).

CANTON (overprint on stamps of Indo-China): France- Offices in China- Canton (1901-23).

CANTONAL TAXE: Switzerland- Zurich.

CAPO VERDE: Cape Verde.

CARCHI (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands- Calchi (1932).

CARITAS (surcharge): Luxembourg, semipostals [Charity].

CARNARO (overprint): Fiume (1920).

CARTILLA POSTAL DE ESPANA: Spain, franchise stamps.

CARUPANO: Venezuela- Carupano (1902).

CASA DE CORREOS (overprint): Ecuador, postal tax for new post office building fund.

CASO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands- Caso (1913).

CASTELORISO (overprint on stamps of France): Castellorizo (1920).

CASTELORIZO (overprint on stamps of France- Offices in Turkey): Castellorizo (1920).

CASTELROSSO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Castellorizo (1922-32).

CAUCA: Colombia- Cauca (1879-83, 1903).

CAVALLE: France- Offices in Turkey- Cavalle (1893-03).

CAVE (overprint): Ceylon, private merchant’s mark to discourage pilfering.

C.C.C.P.: Russia [USSR].

C. BEN. R. (overprint): Ecuador- Guayas, validation mark of governor’s initials [Carlos Benjamin Rosales].

C. CH: Cochin China.

C DPTO ZELAYA (overprint): Nicaragua- Cabo Gracias a Dios district to prevent currency manipulation.

CECHY A MORAVA: Czechoslovakia- Bohemia and Moravia.

C.E.F. (overprint): Cameroons (1915) [Cameroons Expeditionary Force].

C.E.F. (overprint): India- China Expeditionary Force (1900-21).

CEFOLONIA E ITACA (overprint on stamps of Greece): Ionian Islands- Italian occupation (1941).

CENT(S) (currency overprint): Russia- Offices in China (1901-22).

CENTENARIO DE S. ANTONIO INHAMBANR MDCCCXCV: (overprint on stamps of Mozambique): Inhambane (1895) [Centenary of St. Anthony].

CENTAVO(S) (currency): South and Central American countries.

CENTENAIRE ALGERIE: France (1929).

CENTENAIRE DU GABON: French Equatorial Africa (1938).

CENTESIMI (currency): Italy, Italian Colonies

CENTESIMI (currency overprint on stamps of Austria): Italy- Austrian occupation (1918).

CENTESIMI (currency overprint on stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina): Italy- Austrian occupation, postage dues and special deliveries (1918).

CENTESIMI DI CORONA (currency overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Austrian occupation (1919).

CENTESIMI DI CORONA (currency overprint on stamps of Italy): Dalmatia (1921-22).

CENTESIMO(S) (currency): Italy, Uruguay.

CENTIMES (currency overprint on stamps of Austria): Austria- Offices in Crete (1903-7).

CENTIMES (currency overprint on stamps of Germany): Germany- Offices in Turkey (1908).

CENTIMOS (currency- no country name): Spain.

CENTIMOS (currency- overprint on stamps of France): France- Offices in Morocco (1891-1910).

CERIGO (overprint on stamps of Greece): Ionian Islands- fraudulent issue.

CERRADO Y SELLADO: Mexico, official seals.

CERTIFICADO: Spanish language countries [Registered].

CERVANTES: Spain, officials (1916).

CESKOSLOVEN VOJSKO NA RUSI: Czechoslovakia, Sibarian Army Post.

CESKOSLOVENSKA: Czechoslovakia.

CESKOSLOVENSKE ARMADY SIBERSKE: Czechoslovakia, Sibarian Army Post.

CESKOSLOVENSKO: Czechoslovakia.

CESKO-SLOVENSKO: Czechoslovakia- Slovakia (1939).

CFA (overprint on stamps of France): Reunion [Communaute Francaise d’Afrique].

C.G.H.S. (overprint on stamps of Germany): Upper Silesia, officials (1920-22).

CH (currency- followed by oriental characters): Korea.

CHALA: Peru- Chala- Chilean occupation (1884).

CHAMBA: India- Chamba.

CHARKHARI: India- Charkhari (1894-1945).

CHARLEROI 1911 (overprint): Belgium, semipostal.

CHEMINS DE FER: Belgium, parcel posts.

CHEMINS DE FER SPOORWEGEN: Belgium, parcel posts.

CHIFFRE TAX (no country name on perforated stamps): France, postage dues.

CHIFFRE TAX (no country name on imperforated stamps): French Colonies, postage dues.

CHIHUAHUA: Mexico- Chihuahua provisionals (1872).

CHIMBORAZO RIOBAMBA (overprint): Ecuador- Chimborazo (1902).

CHINA (overprint on stamps of Germany): Germany- Offices in China (1898-1913).

CHINA (overprint on stamps of Hong Kong): Great Britain- Offices in China (1917-27).

CHINE (overprint on stamps of France): France- Offices in China (1894-1922).

CHINESE IMPERIAL POST: China (1898-1912).

CHRISTMAS ISLAND (overprint on stamps of Australia): Christmas Island (1958-62).

CH TAXE O.M.F. SYRIE (overprint): Syria, postage dues.

C.I.C.I. (overprint): Portugal, franchise stamps (1933) [Congress of the Int. Colonial Institute].

CIERRO OFICIAL: Chile or El Salvador, official seals.

C.I.H.S. (overprint on stamps of Germany): Upper Silesia, officials (1920) [Commission Interalliee Haute Silesie].

CINQUANTENAlRE 24 SEPTEMBRE 1853-1903 (overprint on stamps of French Colonies): New Caledonia, postage dues (1903).

CIRENAICA (overprint on stamps of Italy): Cyrenaica.

CIRENAICA (overprint on stamps of Tripolitania): Cyrenaica, airmails (1932).

C.I.S. (overprint): Schleswig, officials [Commission Interallie Slesvig].

C. L. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Crown Lands].

C.M.T. (overprint on stamps of Austria): Western Ukraine- Romanian occupation- Pokutia (1919) [Compana Militaire Timbru (military campaign stamp)].

CN (currency): Korea.

C. O. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Commisariat Officer].

COAMO: Puerto Rico- Coamo- U.S. Administration (1898).

COCHIN: India- Cochin (1892-1949).

COCHIN ANCHAL: India- Cochin (1892-1949).

CO.CI. (overprint): Yugoslavia- Ljubljana- Italian occupation (1941).

COLIS POSTAL: parcel posts [Postal Packages].

COLIS POSTAL (no country name): Belgium, parcel posts.

COLIS POSTAUX (no country name): Belgium, parcel posts.

COLIS POSTEAU (no country name): Belgium, parcel posts.

COLOMBIA (on stamp of Panama with map): Panama, Colombian dominion (1887-97).

COLON: Chile [Colombus].

COLONIA DE RIO DE ORO: Rio de Oro [Colony of Gold River].

COLONIA ERITREA: Eritrea.

COLONIA ERITREA (overprint on stamps of Italy): Eritrea (1892-1928).

COLONIALI ITALIANE: Italian Colonies.

COLONIE ITALIANE (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italian Colonies (1932).

COLONIES DE L’EMPIRE FRANCAIS: French Colonies (1859-65) [Colonies of the French Empire].

COLONIES POSTES: French Colonies (1881-6).

COMITE FRANCAIS DE LA LIBERATION NATIONAL: French Colonies, semipostals (1943).

COMISSAO PORTUGUESA DE PRISONEIROS DE GUERRA (overprint): Portugal, franchise stamps for use by members of the military commission in charge of prisoners of war.

COMITE FRANCAIS: French Colonies, semipostals.

COMMISSION DE CONTROLE PROVISOIRE KORKA: Albania.

COMMISSION DE GOUVERNEMENT HAUTE SILESIE: Upper Silesia.

COMMISSION FUR RUCKBRIEF: German States- Bavaria, return letter stamps.

COMMISSION INTERALLIEE MARIENWERDER: Marienwerder.

COMMUNICACIONES: Spain.

COMORES: Comoro Islands.

COMP A DE MOZAMBIQUE (overprint on stamps of Mozambique): Mozambique Company (1892).

COMPANHIA DE MOZAMBIOUE: Mozambique Company.

COMPANHIA DO NYASSA: Nyassa (1921-23).

COMPANIA COLOMBIANA: Colombia, airmails (1920).

COMPLEMENTARIO: Mexico, postage dues [To Complete].

COMUNE DI CAMPIONE: Italy- Swiss enclave (1944).

COMUNICACIONES: Spain (1870-99).

CONFED. GRANADINA: Colombia- Grenadine Confederation.

CONFEDERATE STATES or CONFEDERATED STATES: United States- Confederate States.

CONFEODERATIO HELVETICA: Switzerland.

CONF’ON ARGENTINA: Argentina (1858-60).

CONG HOA MIEN NAM VIET NAM: National Front for the liberation of South Vietnam.

CONGO (with Portuguese inscriptions): Portuguese Congo.

CONGO BELGE: Belgian Congo (1908-10).

CONGO FRANCAIS: French Congo.

CONGO FRANCAIS GABON: Gabon (1910).

CONGRATULATIONS FALL OF BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR 1942 (overprint): Philippines- Japanese occupation.

CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS: Spain, officials (1896-8) [Congress of Deputies].

CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE: France- Council of Europe, officials.

CONSTANTINOPLE (overprint on stamps of Russia): Russia- Offices in Turkey- Constantinople (1909-10).

CONSTANTINOPOL (overprint): Romania- Offices in Turkey- Constantinople (1919).

CONSTITUENTE FIUMANA 24-IV-1921 (with 1922 added overprint on stamps of Fiume): Fiume semipostals changed for ordinary use.

CONSTRUCCION (overprint): Guatemala, postal tax stamps.

CONSUMPTIVE HOMES: New South Wales, semipostals.

CONTRA LA FAIM (overprint on stamps of Rwanda): Ruanda-Urundi [Against Hunger].

CONTRAMARCA (overprint): Ecuador, believed bogus (1899-1901) [Countersigned].

CONTRA SELLO (overprint): El Salvador, prevent use of stolen unmarked stamps (1874) [Countersigned].

CONTRASENA- ESTAMPILLAS DE CORREO (overprint): Venezuela (1874-80) [Countersigned- Postage Stamps].

COO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands- Coo (1930-32).

COOK ISLANDS or IS’DS (overprint on stamps of New Zealand): Cook Islands (1936-46).

COOK ISANDS - NIUE: Niue.

CORDOBA: Argentina- Cordoba (1858).

COREA: Korea (1884-94).

COREE: Korea, on stamps printed in Paris (1902-3).

CORFU (overprint on stamps of Greece): Corfu- Italian occupation (1941).

CORFU (overprint on stamps of Italy): Corfu- Italian occupation (1923).

CORONA (currency overprint on stamps of Italy): Austria- Italian occupation (1919), Dalmatia (1919-22).

CORPS EXPEDITIONNAIRE FRANCO-ANGLAIS CAMEROON (overprint): Gabon- French-British occupation of Cameroons.

CORREGIDOR MANILA: Philippines: Japanese occupation.

CORREIO(S) (no country name): Portugal (1853-65) [Postage].

CORREO AEREO (no country name): Spain [Air Mail].

CORREO AEREO: Spanish language countries [Air Mail].

CORREO ESPANOL MARRUECOS (overprint on stamps of Spain): Spanish Morocco (1903-10).

CORREO ESPANOL TANGER: Spanish Morocco- Tangier, semipostals (1926).

CORREO URCENTE: Spain, special delivery.

CORREOS (no country name) denominations in CUARTOS, REALES, CS or CTOS: Spain.

CORREOS (no country name) denominated REAL: Dominican Republic.

CORREOS (no country name): Cuba, Peru, Philippines, Dominican Republic or Spain.

CORREOS DE COLOMBIA: Colombia.

CORREIOS E TELEGRAPHOS: Portugal [Posts and Telegraphs].

CORREOS FONOPOSTAL: Argentina, recorded message stamps (1939).

CORREOS FRANCO (with queen or arms): Spain (1852-4) [Free Mail].

CORREOS GUIRIA (overprint): Venezuela- Marino, control mark on locals (1903).

CORREOS INTERIOR: Philippines (1859-63) [Inland Postage].

CORREOS MEXICO GOBIERNO REVOLUCIONARIO: Mexico- Yucatan (1924).

CORREOS MATURIN (overprint): Venezuela- Maturin, control mark on locals (1903).

CORREOS NACIONALES: Colombia (1859-86) [National Post Office].

CORREOS NALES: Colombia (1859-86) [National Post Office].

CORREOS OAXACA: Mexico- Oaxaca.

CORREOS- RL.: Spain (1864).

CORREOS- RL PLATA F.: Cuba, Puerto Rico (1855-66) [Real Plata Fuerte (silver real based)].

CORREOS Y TELEGEOS: Spain (1879).

CORREOS Y TELEGs: Spain (1879).

CORREOS URBANO DE BOGOTA: Colombia- Bogota [Bogota City Post Office].

CORREOS URBANO MEDELLIN: Colombia- Medellin [Medellin City Post Office].

CORREOS YRAPA (overprint): Venezuela- Marina, control mark on locals (1903).

CORREO URGENTE: Spanish language countries, special delivery.

CORRESPONDENCIA A DEBE: Panama, postage dues [Correspondence With Payment Due].

CORRESPONDENCIA OFICIAL: Mexico, officials [Official Correspondence].

CORRESPONDENCIA URCENTE: Spain, special delivery [Urgent Correspondence].

CORRIENTE (overprint): El Salvador, convert officials to ordinary postage (1918).

CORRIENTES: Argentina- Corrientes (1856-78).

COS (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands- Coo (1912-22).

COSTA ATLANTICA B.: Nicaragua- Province of Zelaya (1907).

COSTA ATLANTICA C.: Nicaragua- Cabo Gracias a Dios (1907).

COSTANTINOPOLI (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Offices in Turkey- Constantinople (1909-23).

COSTITUENTE FIUMANA- 24.IV.1921 (overprint): Fiume (1921).

COTE DE SOMALIS: Somali Coast.

COTE FRANCAIS DES SOMALIS: Somali Coast.

COTE D'IVOIRE: Ivory Coast.

COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE: Netherlands- Int. Court of Justice, officials.

COUR PERMANENTE DE JUSTICE INTERNATIONALE: Netherlands- Int. Court of Justice, officials.

C. P. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Commissioner of Police].

C.P. (overprint): Ivory Coast, parcel posts [Colis Postaux].

CPbCKA: Serbia.

CPБA XPBATA И CЛOBEHЧA (overprint): Yugoslavia- Bosnia, semipostals.

CPБИJA: Serbia, newspaper stamps.

CPБИJA C. ДИHAPA: Serbia- German occupation.

CROCE ROSSA ITALIANA: Italy and San Marion, semipostals [Italian Red Cross].

CROISSANT ROUGE TURC: Turkey, semipostals [Turkish Red Crescent].

CROIX ROUGE: French language countries, mostly semipostals [Red Cross].

CROIX ROUGE HAITIENNE: Haiti, airmails (1945) [Haitian Red Cross].

CRUZ ROJA HONDURENA: Honduras, postal tax stamps. [Honduran Red Cross].

CRUZ VERMELHA PORTUGUESA: Portugal, Red Cross franchise stamps [Portuguese Red Cross].

CRVENI KRST (overprint on stamps of Yugoslavia): Yugoslavia, Offices Abroad, semipostals.

CS (overprint): Hungary, parcel posts [weight].

C. S. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Chief Secretary].

C.S.A. POSTAGE: United States- Confederate States.

CS. DE PESO (currency): Philippines.

C. SGN. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Colonial Surgeon].

CSOMAG (overprint): Hungary, parcel posts [weight].

CT.: Bulgaria.

C. T. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Commissioner of Titles].

CTOT.: Bulgaria.

CTOTNHKN: Bulgaria.

CUAUTLA: Mexico- Cuautla (1867).

CUBA (overprints on stamps of U.S.): Cuba, U.S. Administration (1899).

CUCUTA: Colombia- Cucuta (1907-7).

CUNDINAMARCA: Colombia- Cundinamarca.

CUERNAVACA: Mexico- Cuernavaca (1867).

CUNDINAMARCA: Colombia- Cundinamarca (1870-1904).

CURACAO: Netherlands Antilles (1873-1948).

CUZCO (overprints on stamps of Peru or Arequipa): Peru- Cuzco- Chilean occupation (1882-4).

C.X.C. (overprints on Bosnia Herzegovina): Yugoslavia- Bosnia and Herzegovina (1918).

CYPRUS (overprint on stamps of Great Britain): Cyprus (1880-1).

d (pence) currency, preceded by a numeral, on stamp with king/queen's head, no country name: Great Britain

D (currency- dinar, on stamp with Arabic writing): Iran.

DAI NIPPON 2602… (overprint on stamps of Malaya/States): Malaya- Japanese occupation [Empire of Japan].

D. B. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Destitute Board].

DANMARK: Denmark.

DANSK-VESTINDIEN: Danish West Indies.

DANSK-VESTINDISKE: Danish West Indies.

DANZIG (overprint on stamps of Germany): Danzig (1920-3).

DARDANELLES (overprint on stamps of Russia): Russia- Offices in Turkey (1910).

DATIA: India- Datia (1897).

D.B.L. (overprint in script letters on stamps of Russia): Far Eastern Republic (1920).

D.B.L. (with additional overprint of three bars): Siberia.

D B P (overprint in script letters on stamps of Russia): Far Eastern Republic (1920).

DDR: German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

DE (overprint on stamps of Ecuador): Ecuador- Tunguraugua.

DECRETO DE 27 JUNI’O 1870 (overprint on Escuelas stamps): Venezuela.

D. de A.: Colombia- Antioquia (1868-1904) [Department of Antioquia].

DEDEAGH: France- Offices in Turkey- Dedeagh (1893-1903).

DEFENSA NACIONAL: Ecuador, postal tax stamps [National Defense].

DEFICIENCIA DE FRANQUEO: Ecuador, postage dues.

DEFICIENTE: Ecuador, Nicaragua, postage dues.

DEFICIT: Peru, postage dues.

DELEGACOES: Portugal, Red Cross franchise stamps (1926- Lisbon, 1936 elsewhere).

DE LEON (overprint): Ecuador, control mark to prevent unmarked use (1902)

DEL GOLFO DE GUINEA: Spanish Guinea.

DEN WAISEN SIROTAM (overprint on stamps of Italy): Yugoslavia- Ljubljana- German occupation (1944).

DE OFICIO (overprint on stamps of Peru or El Salvador): Peru or El Salvador, officials.

DEPARTMENTO DEL TOLIMA: Colombia- Tolima.

DEPT. OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS: Hawaii, officials.

DERECHO JUDICIAL: Philippines revenues, suitably re-overprinted as postage provisionals (1880-90) [Judicature Fees].

DERECHOS DE FIRMA: Philippines revenues, suitably re-overprinted as postage provisionals (1880-90) [Documents Fee].

DEUTECHOSTERREICH: Austria.

DEUTSCH NEU-GUINEA: German New Guinea.

DEUTSCH OSTAFRIKA: German East Africa.

DEUTSCH OESTR. POSTVEREIN: German States- Baden, Wurtemberg, Thurin and Taxis [German-Austrian Postal Union].

DEUTSCH SUDWESTAFRIKA: German South West Africa.

DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST: Germany- German Federal Republic (West Germany).

DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK: German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

DEUTSCHE FELDPOST: Germany, military parcel post stamps [German Fieldpost].

DEUTSCHE MILITAER-VERWALTUNG MONTENEGRO (overprint on stamps of Yugoslavia): Montenegro- German occupation (1943).

DEUTSCHE POFT: Germany.

DEUTSCHE POST: Germany.

DEUTSCHE POST OSTEN (overprint): Poland- German occupation (1939).

DEUTSCHE REICHSPOST: Germany [German Imperial Post].

DEUTSCHES REICH: Germany [German Empire].

DEUTSCHES REICH GENERALGOUVERNEMENT: Poland- German occupation (1941-44).

DHAR: India –Dhar (1898-1901).

DIEGO-SUAREZ (overprint on stamps of French Colonies): Diego-Suarez (1892-6).

DIENST: German language countries, officials [Service].

DIENST (overprint on stamps of Netherlands): Netherlands Indies, officials (1911) [Service].

DIENSTMARKE: Germany, Bavaria, Prussia, Danzig or Saar, officials.

DIENSTSACHE: Luxemberg, official stamps.

DIENST SACHE: German States- Wurttemberg, official stamps.

DILIGENCIA: Uruguay (1856-7) [Stagecoach].

DINAR(S) (currency): Iran.

DINERO (currency- no country name): Peru (1858-72).

DIOS PATRIA LIBERTAD: Dominican Republic [God, Fatherland, Liberty].

DIOS, PATRIA, REY: Spain- Carlist issues (1874) [God, Fatherland, King].

DIOS, UNION Y LIBERTAD: Honduras (1865) [God, Union and Liberty].

DISTRICTO (overprint on stamps of Arequipa): Peru- Cuzco (1881-5).

DIWI RUBLI (overprint): Latvia, 2 rubles.

DJ (overprint on stamps of Obock): Somali Coast (1894-1902).

DJIBOUTI: Somali Coast.

DJIBOUTI (overprint on stamps of Obock): Somali Coast (1894-1902).

D.L.O.: US, dead letter office.

DM (currency overprint): Danzig, officials [Dienst Marke].

DOLLAR (currency overprint on stamps of Russia): Russia- Offices in China (1917).

DOPLATA: Central Lithuania, Poland, postage dues.

DOPLATIT (no country name): Czechoslovakia, postage dues.

DOPLATNE (no country name): Czechoslovakia, postage dues.

D. P. (overprint): Hong Kong, private overprint by newspaper firm to prevent misuse [Daily Press].

D. R. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Deed Registry].

DPRK: North Korea (1977-present).

DRIJVENDE BRANDKAST: Netherlands and Indies, marine insurance stamps [Floating Safe].

DRZAVA: Yugoslavia- Bosnia and Herzegovina (1918).

DUC. DI PARMA: Italian States- Parma.

DUITSCH OOST AFRIKA BELGISCHE BEZETTING (overprint on stamps of Congo): German East Africa- Belgian occupation (1916-22).

DURAZZO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Offices in Turkey- Durazzo (1909-16).

DUTTIA: India- Duttia (1893-1921).

E (overprint on stamps of Bavaria): German States- Bavaria, officials [Eisenbahn (railway)].

E. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Engineer].

EA (overprint on stamps of ): Algeria.

E.A.F. (overprint on stamps of Great Britain): East Africa Force (1943-6), Somalia [East Africa Force].

E. B. (overprint): South Australia, officials (1868-74) [Education Board].

ECUADOR (overprint on stamps of Colombia airmails): Ecuador (1928-9).

EAST AFRICA & UGANDA PROTECTORATES (crown and C.A. wmk): East Africa & Uganda.

EAST AFRICA & UGANDA PROTECTORATES (crown and script C.A. wmk): Uganda & Tanzania.

EAST INDIA POSTAGE: India.

EAST INDIA POSTAGE (overprint with crown and new denominations): Straits Settlements.

E. Δ. (overprint): Cilicia- Greek occupation.

E. Δ. Δ. (overprint): Greece- Dodecanese Islands.

EDIFICIOS POSTALES (overprint): El Salvador, postal tax stamps.

EДИHAЯ POCCIЯ: South Russia- Denekin issues.

E.E.F.: Palestine, British occupation (1918) [Egyptian Expeditionary Force].

EENDRAGT MAAKT MAGT.: South African Republic [Union Makes Strength].

EESTI: Estonia.

EESTI POST VIRUMMA: Estonia- Bolshevist occupation- Virumma, bogus issue (1918-19).

EE.UU. DE C.: Colombia- Tolima (1870).

EE. UU. DE COLOMBIA: Colombia (1886).

EE. UU. DE VENEZUELA: Venezuela.

EFO 1915 (overprint): French Polynesia (1915) [Etablissments Francaises de l’Oceanie (French Oceanic Settlements)].

EFTERPORTO: Danish West Indies, postage dues [Postage to Pay].

EGEO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Aegean Islands.

EGYKRAJCZAR: Hungary [One Kreuzer].

EGYPTE: Egypt.

EGYPTIENNES: Egypt.

EINSCHREIBEN: German language countries [Registered].

EINZUZIEHEN: Danzig, postage dues.

EIRE: Ireland.

EJERCITO CONSTITUCIONALISTA: Mexico, revenues provisionally used as postage (1923) [Constitutional Army].

EJERCITO RENOVADOR: Mexico- Sinaloa revenue (1923).

EL PARLAMENTO A CERVANTES: Spain, official stamps (1916).

ELSAS (overprint on stamps of Germany): France- German Occupation- Elsase (1940).

EL SALVADOR: Salvador.

ELUA KENETA: Hawaii (1861-93).

EKΘECIC: Greece- Salonika, postal tax stamps.

EΛAHNIKH: Greece.

EΛΛAC: Greece.

EΛΛAΣ: Greece.

EΛΛ. AYOTON HПEIPOΣ: Epirus.

EΛΛ. ΔIOIK. KIOYMOY-ΛTZINAΣ (overprint on stamps of Greece): Thrace- Greek occupation.

EΛΛHNIKH-ΔIOKHCIC (overprint): Greece- use in North Epirus (Albania) (1940).

EΛΛHNIKH-ΔIOKHΣIΣ (overprint): Greece- Turkish occupation (1912-13).

EΛΛHNIKH-XEMAPPA (overprint on stamps of Greece): Epirus- Chimarra issue.

EMP. OTTOMAN: Turkey (1876-92), or Eastern Rumelia.

EMPIRE FRANC: France.

EMPIRE FRANCE: France (1853-71) or French Colonies (1871-2).

EMPIRE FRANCAISE: France (1853-71) or French Colonies (1871-2).

ENAPIOMON: Greece, postage dues.

ENCOMENDES POSTAIS: Portuguese language countries [Parcel Post].

ENCOMIENDA: Uruguay, parcel posts.

ENTREGA ESPECIAL: Cuba and Dominican Republic, special deliveries.

ENTREGA IMMEDIATA: Cuba, special deliveries (1910-4) [Immediate Delivery].

EONIKH: Greece, tax stamps (1914).

EO. SO.: Colombia [Estado Soberano (sovereign state)].

EПEIPO (overprint): Epirus.

EPMAKb: South Russia- Don issues.

EPMPKb: South Russia (1919).

EQUATEUR: Ecuador.

E.R. (with Queen Elizabeth's head): Great Britain (1952-67).

E.R.I. (overprint): Transvaal [Edward Rex Imperator].

ERITREA (overprint on stamps of Great Britain): Great Britain- Offices in Eritrea (1948-51).

ERSTE K.K. PR. DONAU DAMPFSCHIFFAHRT GESELLSCHAFT: Danube Steam Navigation Company.

E.S. (overprint): Mexico- Sonora (1914-5).

ESC. (currency): Spain [Escudos].

ESCUDO DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE MANAGUA: Nicaragua, officials (1905) [Shield of the Department of Managua].

ESCUELAS: Venezuela, fiscals used as postage (1871-95) [Schools].

E.S. DE ANTIOQUIA: Colombia- Antioquia [Estado Soberano (sovereign state)].

E.S. DE PANAMA: Panama [Estado Soberano (sovereign state)].

ESPANA: Spain.

ESPANA FRANQUEO: Spain, Carlist issues (1874-5).

ESPANA SAHARA: Spanish Sahara.

ESPANA VALENCIA: Spain- Valencia, Carlist issues (1874-5).

ESPANOLA: Spain.

ESPRESSO: Italy, domestic express mail [Express].

ESTADO(S): Spanish language countries [State(s)].

ESTADO DA INDIA: Portuguese India (1946-62).

ESTADO DE NICARAGUA: Nicaragua.

ESTADO ESPANOL: Spain.

ESTADO GUAYANA: Venezuela- Guayana.

ESTADO S. DEL TOLIMA: Colombia- Tolima.

ESTADO SOBERANO DE BOLIVAR: Colombia- Bolivar [Sovereign State of Bolivar].

ESTADO SOBERANO DE SANTANDER: Colombia- Santander [Sovereign State of Santander].

ESTADOS UNIDA DE NUEVA GRANADA: Colombia- New Granada (1861).

ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL: Brazil [United States of Brazil].

EST AFRICAIN ALLEMAND OCCUPATION BELGE (overprint on stamps of Congo): German East Africa, Belgian occupation (1916-22).

ESTERO (overprint on stamps of Italy): Italy- Offices Abroad, general issue (1874-85) [Foreign].

E.T.: French language countries [State].

ETABLISSEMENTS DANS L'INDIE: French India (1892-1907).

ETABLISSEMENTS DE L'INDIE: French India (1892-1907).

ETABLISSEMENTS DE L'OCEANIE: French Polynesia.

ETABLISSEMENTS FRANCAIS DANS L’INDE: French India (1892-1907).

ETAT: French language countries [State].

ETAT DU CAMEROUN: Cameroun.

ETAT DU INCHI YA KATANGA: Province of Katanga.

ETAT FRANCAIS: France- Gernman occupation (1940-4).

ETAT INDEPENDANT DU CONGO: Congo (1886-1908).

ETHOPIA: Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia).

ETHIOPIE: Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia).

ETHIOPIENNES: Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia).

ETIOPIA: Ethiopia, Italian occupation (1936).

EΘNIKA ПEPIΘAΛΨIΣ: Greece, postal tax stamps.

ETS. FRANCS. DE L'OCEANIE: French Polynesia.

E.U. DE COLOMBIA: Colombia.

E.U. DO BRAZIL: Brazil.

EUPEN (overprint): Germany- Belgian occupation (1920-1).

EUPEN & MALMEDY (overprint): Germany- Belgian occupation (1920-1).

EXPED. SCIENT… (with oriental characters): China.

EXPERIMENTO POSTA AERO… (overprint): Italy, air mail special delivery (1917).

EXPOSICION DE BARCELONA: Spain (1929-30).

EXPOSICION GENERAL ESPANOLA: Spain.

EXPOSICION GRAL SEVILLA BARCELONA: Spain.

EXPOSITION COLONIALE INTERNATIONALE PARIS 1931 (no colony name): France.

EXPOSITION INDUSTRIELLE DAMAS 1929: Syria.

EXPRES: many languages [special delivery].

EXPRESO: many languages [special delivery].

EXPRESSO : Italian and Portuguese languages [special delivery].

EXTERIOR (with design of Mercury): Uruguay, parcel posts.

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